1. Purpose & Requirements Specification:
1.1 Purpose of Project:
Overflowing garbage bins have been another cause of concern for residents in developing countries. With increase in population, the scenario of cleanliness with respect to garbage management is degrading tremendously. With the already prevailing diseases, the open containers are proving to be a breeding place for germs. Traditionally, municipalities operate on weekly routes to pick up trash and recyclables on designated days, regardless of whether the containers are full or not.
Essentially, this project is about collecting the most amount of materials in the least amount of time to reduce costs and emissions along the way. Furthermore, this project is supposed to work with any type of container and any type of waste, including mixed materials, paper, glass, metals and fluids. Thus, there will be saving in fossil fuel due to optimized route for collecting garbage and also thus transportation cost.
1.2 Behavior :
This project IoT Garbage Monitoring system is a very innovative system which will help to keep the home and cities clean. This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in the bins via spread sheets, web page, mobile apps etc. For this the system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over the bins to detect the garbage level and compare it with the garbage bins depth.1.3 System Management Requirement:
This system provides remote monitoring and control function. Each Smart Trash IoT system is connected to an ultrasonic sensor for monitoring, LCD display to report the status. Each user who subscribes will get SMS alerts.1.4 Data Analysis Requirement:
System will maintain a repository to provide information to know the status and each day, week, month and year reports to maintain the garbage management system effectively in order to reduce the cost of fuel and time consumption.1.5 Application Deployment Requirement:
Smart Trash detectors can be installed in any place in 5 - 10 minutes. To install Smart Trash IoT System in any location will happen in incremental manner which will not affect any current conditions and people. Internet connection is mandatory for these devices which can be provided with Wifi or Ethernet. These devices fetches and update the information in to a database, which is located on a web-server. User should be subscribed (no internet required) to get the updates of bin status.2. Process Specification:
By using Ultrasonic sensor which is used to measure the distance to an object, will read the depth of the bin from the top of it. Continue the measuring depth until it fills upto 75% of the bin's height. Here in this experiment I am going to use only one or two bins to get readings and do analysis on the collected data. Finally will display the readings, analysis and corresponding data statistics, which are useful in further implementations.
2.1 UseCase Diagram:
With the help of a use case diagram, you can discuss and communicate:- The scenarios in which your system or application interacts with people, organizations, or external systems.
- The goals that it helps those actors achieve.
- The scope of your system.
An use case diagram does not show the detail of the use cases: it only summarizes some of the relationships between use cases, actors, and systems. In particular, the diagram does not show the order in which steps are performed to achieve the goals of each use case. You can describe those details in other diagrams and documents, which you can link to each use case.
Here in this smart trash IoT system usecase diagram, the user need to subscribe to the system, can be able to monitor the sensor readings, can do analysis on the collected data, and can be able to see the results on the display.
2.2 Sensor Monitoring Flow Chart:
2.3 Process Diagram:
A Process Flow Diagram - PFD - (or System Flow Diagram - SFD) shows the relationships between the major components in the system. PFD also tabulate process design values for the components in different operating modes.A PFD should include:
- Process Piping
- Major equipment symbols, names or identification numbers
- Control, valves and valves that affect operation of the system
- Interconnection with other systems
- Major bypass and re-circulation line
3. Domain Model Specification:
Overflowing garbage bins have been another cause of concern for residents in developing countries. With increase in population, the scenario of cleanliness with respect to garbage management is degrading tremendously. With the already prevailing diseases, the open containers are proving to be a breeding place for germs. Traditionally, municipalities operate on weekly routes to pick up trash and recyclables on designated days, regardless of whether the containers are full or not.
Essentially, this project is about collecting the most amount of materials in the least amount of time to reduce costs and emissions along the way. Furthermore, this project is supposed to work with any type of container and any type of waste, including mixed materials, paper, glass, metals and fluids. Thus, there will be saving in fossil fuel due to optimized route for collecting garbage and also thus transportation cost.
| Domain Model Specification |
The domain model describes the main concepts, entities and objects in the domain of IoT system to be designed. Domain model defines the attributes of the objects and relationships between objects. The entities, objects and concepts defined in the domain model includes,
- Physical Entity
- Virtual Entity
- Device
- Resource
- Service
4. IoT Level Specification:
Smart Trash System belongs to IOT Level-1 specification because it uses a single level node/sensor for collecting data and store it in a spreadsheet. It also uses local analysis , Rest services.
Things: Ultrasonic sensor or IR distance sensor.
Data: Keep tracking the bin about how much level the garbage is filled.
Process: By tracking the data we can analyze how frequent the bins are filling, in which places and inform the nearest garbage management office to reduce the cost.
People: By implementing garbage management system we can keep the city and home clean, and can reduce the cost by using nearest way to reach the bin (by implementing route and fuel optimization system).
Hardware Requirements:
- Arduino ESP8266-NodeMCU(WiFi Module)
- Ultrasonic sensor
- LCD display(Nokia 5110)
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
ESP8266-NodeMCU Development Kit
Nokia 5110 LCD Display
Connections:
Wiring diagram: connections between NodeMCU, Ultrasonic Sensor and Nokia LCD
References:
- http://www.14core.com/how-to-wire-pcd8544-5110-cmos-84x84-lcd-display-on-arduino/
- http://www.14core.com/wiring-esp8266-nodemcu-with-hcsr04-ultrasonic-sensor/
- http://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/ultrasonic-sensor-hc-sr04/
- http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/PCD8544
- https://temboo.com/library/Library/Twilio/SMSMessages/SendSMS/
- https://temboo.com/arduino/others/update-google-spreadsheet
- http://www.modmypi.com/blog/hc-sr04-ultrasonic-range-sensor-on-the-raspberry-pi
- http://www.bytecreation.com/blog/2013/10/13/raspberry-pi-ultrasonic-sensor-hc-sr04
- http://nevonprojects.com/iot-garbage-monitoring-system/
- https://www.hackster.io/alpha007/smart-trash-can-iot-system-0f9160
- https://books.google.com/books?id=JPKGBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA109&lpg=PA109&dq=operational+view+Specification&source=bl&ots=8_DG_bZIVl&sig=SsFPZEHLgt3gEkycXQ5hF0C6Aqs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjk4Mu5mKrMAhXMdj4KHYefDWwQ6AEIPDAE#v=onepage&q=operational%20view%20Specification&f=false
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